In this article, we’ll focus on whether life insurance is worth owning and when it makes the most sense.
What Is Term Life Insurance?
Life insurance provides a death benefit (or a lump-sum payment) to beneficiaries when an insured person dies. Policies that can last a lifetime are referred to as permanent or cash-value life insurance. Policies that last for a specific number of years—20 or 30 years, for example—are called term life insurance policies. Term life insurance is designed to cover a life insurance need for a certain number of years, such as while you’re raising children. To keep a life insurance policy in force, you pay premiums to an insurance company at an agreed-upon rate—you can typically pay monthly, quarterly, or yearly. To get a life insurance policy, you apply with an insurance company. The company may review your health history and ask questions to evaluate your application. If you’re approved, you can keep the policy for as long as the term lasts—or your entire life, if you purchase a permanent policy—or you can stop paying premiums if you no longer need coverage.
How Much Should You Spend on Term Life Insurance?
If you’re like most people, you need to decide how to allocate monthly and annual expenses. Spending too much money on life insurance makes it hard to save for other financial goals and meet your daily needs. On the other hand, being underinsured can be risky and leave beneficiaries in financial distress. Start with an evaluation of how much insurance you need. Think through why you’re buying life insurance, who you’re protecting, and how their needs might change over time. Several techniques—including a conversation with an insurance professional—can help you determine an appropriate amount. To get the most coverage for your premium dollar, a term policy often makes the most sense, especially if you don’t expect to need life insurance past a certain number of years. But if you’ve established a coverage amount that meets your needs and the premiums are too high for your budget, you may need to make difficult decisions. You can reduce the amount of insurance you buy or make changes in other areas of your budget. Coverage with term insurance can be surprisingly affordable. The chart below illustrates how much (figures were rounded up) a 30-year-old nonsmoking woman (living in New York State) might pay for a 20-year term policy. The amounts represent a range of ’ offerings from companies selling term-life insurance. After the first policy ends, you would pay premiums on only one policy. In this way, you cover your entire upfront insurance need but save premium dollars as that need diminishes. You might think to simply purchase only a shorter policy upfront for a higher coverage amount—say a 10-year policy for $1 million—and then in 10 years purchase a second policy for $400,000 when the first expires. But the cost of insurance increases as you age, and you may develop a condition or habit that also increases the cost of coverage or makes you uninsurable.
How Should You Measure the Benefit of Term Life Insurance?
While permanent life insurance policies offer additional features, term life insurance provides two crucial benefits.
Death Benefit
The death benefit, or face amount, is the amount beneficiaries receive if an insured person dies. That money can replace income, pay off debts, cover final expenses, and provide assets to fund financial goals, such as a child’s college education or to pay off a mortgage. Without the death benefit, a family may be left in extreme hardship. In many cases, beneficiaries don’t owe taxes on the proceeds of a life insurance policy.
Peace of Mind
Untimely death is tragic, and the emotional impact is more important and immediate than any financial consequences. But having adequate insurance can provide peace of mind, leaving you or your loved ones with one less thing to worry about. If you’re concerned about how your family will cope after an unexpected death, you may find satisfaction in knowing that you’ve minimized the financial impact.
When Is Life Insurance Worth It?
Life insurance provides financial resources when someone dies. If there’s no need to protect anyone or provide funds at death, you might not need life insurance. But if anyone would benefit from receiving money, or might in the future, life insurance may be worthwhile. A common use for life insurance is to protect family members when a parent dies. When a wage-earning parent dies, the family loses income, and the consequences can be catastrophic. But the death of a nonworking parent can also be problematic. The surviving family members may need to arrange care for children, which could incur additional expenses. The alternative is for a working parent to stop working, which isn’t realistic for most families. Money from life insurance eases the burden on survivors, who might use the money to pay off debt and put money toward future expenses. For example, if you have a home loan and would like to set money aside for a child’s education, life insurance can help eliminate debt and provide education funding. As with any insurance, the primary use for life insurance is to pay a relatively small premium to protect against catastrophic consequences. It’s often wise for families to at least purchase a term life insurance policy on both parents.
Term vs. Permanent Insurance
Term insurance policies provide a death benefit for a specific number of years, after which the policy expires. Permanent insurance policies, such as whole life insurance, also pay a death benefit. But those policies can last longer than term policies—ideally your entire life—and you pay higher premiums to build up cash value inside the policy. The cash value is the means by which a permanent policy can last throughout your life. If your primary goal is to protect against an untimely death (before “old age”), it might not make sense to pay higher premiums for a permanent policy. If you only need insurance until your children are self-sufficient, your partner has accumulated assets, or you’ve paid down the mortgage, then a 20- or 30-year term policy would probably cover you.
