The Basics of Blockchain
Blockchain is a decentralized public network that allows people and companies to store and securely transfer information and currency instantly. When a new block is added to the chain, it makes the previous blocks even harder to modify, which helps each block become more and more secure over time. There are several facets that make blockchain technology unique and valuable for many different types of business applications.
Blockchain Is Accurate
Blockchain is highly accurate. Every action in a blockchain is recorded and there is nothing left out. Once the action is recorded and stored in an information “block,” each block has a timestamp and is secured. The entire record is available to anyone in the decentralized system.
Blockchain Is Decentralized
Blockchain is decentralized and not stored on a single master computer or controlled by one company, bank, or organization. Rather, it is distributed over many computers that are in the network.
Blockchain Is Permanent and Secure
As each block is completed, it joins the other blocks on the chain creating a permanent record of every transaction that is available to all the users of the blockchain in real time. This combination of features creates a high degree of security and makes the blockchain very difficult to change.
What Makes Up a Blockchain?
There are three basic parts to every blockchain.
When Was It Developed?
The idea of blockchain technology was first introduced in 1991 by researchers Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta. In their white paper “How to Time-Stamp a Digital Document,” Haber and Stornetta explain the use of a continuous chain of timestamps to record information in a secure way. However, it wasn’t until the creation of bitcoin in 1998 that the technology was put into play. Bitcoin was created to be a decentralized form of money, rather than money that was government controlled and created (referred to as fiat money). To create a decentralized system that functioned and that people could trust, the founder of bitcoin (anonymous person or persons known as Satoshi Nakamoto) created decentralized ledgers called blockchain.
The Steps in a Blockchain Transaction
Each blockchain transaction, no matter what industry the blockchain is being used for, goes through the same steps:
What Blockchain Means for Small Business Owners
No matter what you think of cryptocurrency, the underlying blockchain technology has many different uses and businesses are experimenting with its implementation at a rapid pace. Some small businesses, like tech startups, may develop blockchain technology themselves. Other small business owners may use blockchain technology that has been developed for the broader market. Much like how Square and Stripe created easier access to credit card processing for small businesses, blockchain technology has the potential to make running a small business easier and smoother. Three ways this can happen include:
Smart contracts: Blockchain technology can be used to create, verify, and enforce contracts between users. It can be used to pay bills and employees, invoice customers or clients, create insurance policies, handle inventory fulfillment, or any other transactional activity. Companies such as dApp Builder have already developed the infrastructure to create smart contracts that businesses can then use in their own operations.Data compliance: With new rules and regulations surrounding data compliance and data breaches, blockchain offers the ability to verify transactions without having to know the identity of the user. This can create a user experience that is more secure and less prone to hacking.Digital Asset Transactions: If a small business is considering accepting payments in digital currencies or creating digital assets such as NFTs for your small business, you will need to rely on blockchains. Opening up to digital currency payments, may also help a business expand its customer base beyond traditional geographic boundaries.
The commercialization of blockchain technology is still early. In the future expect more and more blockchain-based services to be offered to small businesses as alternatives to current record-keeping and transaction processes.
The Bottom Line
Blockchain was originally developed as the platform that bitcoin was built on. Now, it’s more transparent, decentralized, and secure as it grows and develops in new areas of business, such as banking and supply chain management. In particular, small businesses can leverage platforms built on blockchain to streamline processes and payments. There are a few companies already offering this type of technology now, so expect to see many more in the future.
